Holyrood's budget will rise by £2.9bn a year on average as a result of Chancellor Rachel Reeves' spending review, according to Treasury officials.
Reeves said block grant funding from Westminster would rise to £52bn by 2029, the "largest settlement in real terms since devolution was introduced".
Setting out the UK's first multi-year spending review since 2021, she also confirmed investment in defence, carbon capture and computing projects.
But Scotland's Finance Secretary Shona Robison claimed her government had been "short changed" by more than £1bn, with a block grant increase which is smaller than the overall rise across UK government departments.
The chancellor's spending review confirmed funding for a number of specific projects in Scotland, some of which had been trailed ahead of her speech.
They include development funding for the Acorn Project carbon capture scheme in Aberdeenshire, though the exact amount was not revealed.
A supercomputer project at Edinburgh University will get £750m and £250m has been allocated to develop facilities at the Faslane nuclear submarine base.
